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Bronchoscopy is the fiberoptic examination of the respiratory system. This includes the larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tree. This is a short, day procedure that allows the internist to take samples and bacterial cultures of the airways. It may be preceded by chest radiographs (X-rays), and certain blood tests. Common reasons for bronchoscopy are chronic cough, suspected pneumonia, allergy, or cancer.